0
0.5
1
1.5
2+
Mortality
-2%
Improvement
Relative Risk
Ventilation
18%
ICU admission
27%
Recovery time
5%
Probiotics Ivashkin et al. LATE TREATMENT RCT
Is late treatment with probiotics beneficial for COVID-19?
RCT 200 patients in Russia (December 2020 - March 2021)
Trial underpowered for serious outcomes
c19early.org
Ivashkin et al., Probiotics Antimicrob.., Oct 2021
Favors probiotics
Favors control